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M.A qp ans ## SECTION 1: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS *Instruction: Answer any five questions (Around 400 words each | 10 \times 5 = 50 Marks)* ### Question 1(b): Elucide the multiple meanings of darkness—physical, moral, psychological in the novel *Heart of Darkness*. Joseph Conrad’s *Heart of Darkness* uses the titular motif of "darkness" not merely as a geographic description, but as a multi-layered symbol operating on physical, moral, and psychological planes.  * **Physical Darkness:** Geographically, darkness represents the unexplored and uncharted African interior, specifically the Congo Free State. Conrad describes the landscape as an impenetrable, gloomy wall of vegetation, obscured by mist and dense forests that block out light. The literal darkness also manifests in the black skin of the colonized natives, whom the Europeans view through a biased, primitive lens, contrasting with the superficial "light" or whiteness of European civilization.  * **Moral Darkness:*...

M.A 3 RD SEM MODERN DRAMA 2019 Question 1 (2 Marks Each) 1(a) What is a Fabian Society? Answer: The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization founded in 1884. It advocates the gradual and democratic establishment of socialism through reforms rather than revolution. Many intellectuals, including George Bernard Shaw, were associated with it and helped spread its ideas through literature and social criticism. 1(b) Comment briefly on the term ‘wake’. Answer: A wake is a traditional gathering held before a funeral where relatives, friends, and neighbors assemble to mourn the deceased. In Irish society, a wake often includes storytelling, music, drinking, and social interaction, combining grief with communal celebration. 1(c) Mention two important features of a poetic play. Answer: Two important features of a poetic play are: The use of verse or highly rhythmic language instead of ordinary prose. The use of symbolism and imagery to express deep emotions, spiritual idea...